Among all procedures that have ever been promoted for the surgical management of chronic obstructive lung disease, the only operation that has stood the test of time is “bullectomy,” in which distended airspaces are resected to allow the reexpansion of restricted but potentially functional adjacent lung tissue. List of artifacts significant to the Bible, "Sassanian Bulla With Beribboned Ram: Description", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bulla_(seal)&oldid=965751216, Cylinder and impression seals in archaeology, Ancient Near and Middle East clay objects, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 3 July 2020, at 06:10. [5], A further development involved impressing tokens to make marks on a solid lump of clay or a tablet. Bilateral giant bullae with rapidly increasing fluid in the right bulla following operation: report of a case.
After resection of such bullae, an increase in VC and FEV, Bullae that communicate freely have large volume variations between inspiratory and expiratory images but small volume difference between plethysmographic and helium dilution measurements. This, in part, relates to the loss of surfactant in chronically functionless parenchyma and to the development of various degree of interstitial fibrosis. Lipscomb V, Brockman D, Gregory S, Baines S, Lamb CR. Schmandt-Besserat put aside her research on clay and devoted herself to figuring out the use of these clay marbles. Giebels F, Pieper L, Kohn B, Volk HA, Shihab N, Loderstedt S. PLoS One. A famous one discovered is the Cyrus Cylinder.
Back to Dermatology Glossary Index. Computed tomographic images were reviewed by 3 board-certified radiologists who reported on the location, size, and number of bullae as well as the subjective severity of pneumothorax. As nouns the difference between vesicle and bulla is that vesicle is (cytology) a membrane-bound compartment found in a cell while bulla is (medicine) a blister, vesicle, or other thin-walled cavity or lesion or bulla can be a rich jamaican cake made with molasses and spiced with ginger and nutmeg. any size or color. “Localized Bullous Emphysema Associated with Pneumonia in Children,”. Reduction in Expiratory Airway Resistance. They could also have a specific shape to represent the quantity of a particular item. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details may not fully reflect the modified file.
Figure 87-3. USA.gov. A particularly famous type of lead bulla is the one affixed to important documents issued by the Pope, called Papal bulls for the type of seal, where the bulla has an image of Saints Peter and Paul on one side and the name of the issuing Pope on the other. Laros and colleagues, Most of these signs can readily be seen on standard radiog- raphy or contrast-enhanced CT of the chest. Surgical treatment is usually reserved for the management of specific complications such as pneumothorax or infection. South Mountain, Pennsylvania. CT scanning of dogs with spontaneous pneumothorax. Austin: U of Texas, 1996. Sulaymaniyah Museum, Bulla, Ostandar of Sin, Governor of Sind/Hind, 6th to 7th century CE, from Iraq. Results suggested that CT is potentially an ineffective preoperative diagnostic technique in dogs with spontaneous pneumothorax caused by bulla rupture because lesions can be missed or incorrectly diagnosed. Retrospective case series. Bullous emphysema, particularly when localized in the lower lobes, may finally have a deleterious effect on the function of the diaphragm and the chest wall muscles, including the intercostals. The distinction between bullae and blebs has been stressed.
“Spontaneous Pneumothorax Associated with Bullous Emphysema,”. [6] However, by impressing the tokens on the outside of the envelope before sealing them inside, this necessity could be avoided. This was the beginning of Sumerian cuneiform, the first known writing system, in 3100 BCE. (c) Can the compressed lung reexpand, and what is its potential to function once reexpanded? Sulaymaniyah Museum. There was good interobserver agreement (κ = 0.640) for correct identification of bullae. A bulla is a circumscribed elevation of skin of 0.5 cm or more in diameter containing a liquid. Most of these tokens have no translation though. In general, bullous emphysema is treated expectantly. A bulla caused by separation of tissue components of the dermis with collection of serous fluid. pressure. High intrathoracic pressures generated by the bullae may also result in major hemodynamic dysfunction. A bulla (Medieval Latin for "a round seal", from Classical Latin bulla, "bubble, blob"; plural bullae) is A macule greater than 2 cm. A single bulla is a rarity: they vary in size from that of a large vesicle Example: bullous impetigo, A vesicle or bulla formed by cleavage of the dermal-epidermal interface and with the roof of the bulla composed of the epidermis. Professionnel de 1926 à 1949, il est le premier Autrichien à remporter une étape du Tour de France, en 1931 et à porter le maillot jaune.Il gagne trois étapes lors de cette édition. In association with emphysema, the low compliance of the bulla significantly decreases the elastic recoil of the intervening lung and reduces peribronchial tension. I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following licenses: Add a one-line explanation of what this file represents. Print. Various forms of bullae have been found in archeological digs. Size As discussed above, you have four main size categories for these Ukuleles: Soprano, concert, tenor, and baritone. Results suggested that CT is potentially an ineffective preoperative diagnostic technique in dogs with spontaneous pneumothorax caused by bulla rupture because lesions can be missed or incorrectly diagnosed. [8] In many cases, fingerprints of the person who made the impression remain visible near the border of the seal in the clay. Sometimes, the token was impressed onto the wet bulla before it dried so that the owner could remember what exactly was in the bulla without having to break it. Schmandt-Besserat, Denise. [5], Tokens were collected and stored in bullae, either for future promised transactions or as a record of past transactions. Sensitivity and positive predictive value of CT for bulla detection were low. Comparison of interobserver agreement between the evaluation of bicipital and the patellar tendon reflex in healthy dogs. (d) What is the extent and severity of emphysema in the remaining lung? [5] This evidence may suggest that the use of bullae led to early forms of mathematics and accounting. in diameter. HHS Based on this understanding, the purpose of surgery in bullous lung disease may be more to permit the lung to regain its architecture and elasticity than to remove a space-occupying lesion. Dogs that had CT for spontaneous pneumothorax caused by rupture of bullae confirmed at surgery (median sternotomy) or necropsy were included. Designs were inscribed on the clay seals to mark ownership, identify witnesses or partners in commerce, or control of government officials. This clay token system went unchanged for about 4,000 years until the tokens started to become more elaborate in appearance. These outer rings could not guarantee unauthorized access to the documents as one could simply slip out the parchment and replace the bullae "ring" with one of their choosing. Within a year of studying these unknown clay marbles, Schmandt-Besserat determined that they were tokens that were supposed to be grouped together and that they thus formed some sort of counting system. Bulla is a pathological entity caused by the confluence of two or more of the terminal
We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. Correct diagnosis was not associated with slice thickness, ventilation protocol, or degree of pneumothorax. Initially at least, these bullae represent simply a local exaggeration of diffuse panacinar emphysema (. Ultimately, it creates an extrinsic airway obstruction affecting the less diseased portions of parenchyma around the bulla. Thousands of new, high-quality pictures added every day. to that of a large grape fruit. Results: Isotopic perfusion/ventilation studies have shown, however, that most bullae are neither perfused nor ventilated. Before embarking on the removal of the Bullae of Lung, the patient will first be categorized based on the nature and size of the Bullae of Lung or Giant Bulla into one of the four categories. French-American archaeologist Denise Schmandt-Besserat focused much of her career on the discovery of over 8,000 ancient tokens found in the Middle East.
They may be found subsequent to any condition that interferes with normal respiratory mechanism that produces increased intra-alveolar pressure. This complexity was reflected in the tokens, which begin to appear in a much greater diversity of shapes and are given more complicated designs of incisions and holes.
They may be found subsequent to any condition that Other diverse associations with bullae have been described. Il a également été champion d'Autriche en 1926 et 1927 Private seals and impressions, distinguished by a single motif sometimes accompanied by an inscription, provide a rich variety of iconographic patterns, largely reflecting the contemporary cultural and religious traditions of Iran, though only indirectly explained by the inscriptions accompany them.[11]. Example: miliaria crystallina. There is no clinical sign or symptom characteristic of bullae. Scholars seem to agree on the typology and purpose of bullae in both civil and domestic environments. Postgate, J. N. Early Mesopotamia: Society and Economy at the Dawn of History.
27 October 2014.
Find NCBI SARS-CoV-2 literature, sequence, and clinical content: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sars-cov-2/. By continuing you agree to the Use of Cookies. is present. Animals: This difference reflects the true volume occupied by the bulla. Before Writing. It is particularly helpful to demonstrate that the bulla to be resected is not perfused or is underperfused when compared with the adjacent lung, thus improving the chances of a good outcome after bullectomy (, Once it is decided that a symptomatic space-occupying bulla is present, the next step is to demonstrate that it is compressive and prevents adequate expansion of adjacent parenchyma. Most researchers agree that preventive surgery is legitimate when the bulla occupies half or more of the hemithorax, Based on physiologic observations, the removal of bullae in patients with emphysema and dyspnea can be performed for the following reasons: removal of a space-occupying and possibly compressive lesion, reduction in expiratory airway resistance, and reduction of dead-space ventilation (. “Handbuch der Speziellen Pathologischen Anatomie und Histologie,”. A: Chest radiograph shows bilateral basal bullae with flattening of the hemidiaphragms. 1994;24(3):272-5. doi: 10.1007/BF02032901.