"Pardes" is etymologically related to the English word "paradise", and the Quranic Firdaus (Arabic فِردَوس) among various other forms, in that they all share a common origin in an Old Iranian root, attested in the Avestan language as pairi.daêza-. 24). All rights reserved. In Jewish thought, the Year 6000 idea relates the 6 days of Creation (followed by the Sabbath) to 6000 years the world is expected to exist (before a 1000-year messianic era). So too, you can’t study one department of Torah the same as you study another. In this sense, ascending the four levels of interpretation reveals greater divinity in Torah; the exoteric and esoteric are linked in a continuous chain. Within mainstream exoteric classic Rabbinic literature, such as the Talmud and Midrashim, Halacha is Jewish legal discussion and ruling, while Aggadah is Jewish theological/narrative discussion.

Where will everyone sit on the school bus? “My teachers were inspiring and wouldn’t let me get away with not knowing. Kabbalah, Chassidism and Jewish Mysticism. [3], In earlier works, the word "pardes" refers either to the esoteric parts of the Torah[4] (similar to "sod" in the acronym), or to all Torah study (without differentiation into different types of study). Part 1 of 2: Four Talmudic sages ascended to rectify the spiritual universes. The mystical view of esoteric Sod-Secret as the elite doctrines of Kabbalah also gave conceptual context to Peshat, Remez, and Drush: in the mystical unfolding of the spiritual Four Worlds, each realm corresponds to a level in PaRDeS. How great is the ignorance of those who do not see that all this necessarily includes some [other] idea [besides the literal meaning of the words]. According to the Vilna Gaon, all 613 commandments are hinted to in this word. Ishmael and Esau are considered the spiritual roots of the Nations, deriving from the initial unrectified spiritual Realm of Tohu-Chaos, whose pristine Divine potential was too high to be contained in Existence, shattering its vessels which fell down into exile. The Messianic Era for all people will embody both advantages of the high lights of Tohu in the rectified vessels of Tikun, when "all Nations will ascend the mountain of God". His 1962 masterwork, Torah min HaShamayim BeAspaklariya shel HaDorot (English: Torah from Heaven in the Light of the Generations) is a study of classical rabbinic theology and aggadah (spiritual thought), as opposed to halakha (Jewish law) in revealing the Divinity of Torah study. Additionally, some Modern Orthodox scholars have looked at Biblical Criticism on the Torah, incorporating some of its views within traditional belief in Mosaic revelation. Whether you have always dreamt of studying in Israel, are looking for something meaningful to do during your vacation, or are considering a career in Jewish Education, Pardes offers a variety of learning opportunities at every level. There is often considerable overlap, for example when legal understandings of a verse are influenced by mystical interpretations or when a "hint" is determined by comparing a word with other instances of the same word. While rationalists read Rabbinic Aggadah legends metaphorically, kabbalists read them as allusions to Kabbalah. Elmad provides access to Pardes’s unique blend of learning, with a variety of original podcasts, words of Torah and recorded lectures by our renowned faculty. One of the promises regarding the Messianic Redemption concerns the Torah we will then study: "A new Torah will emit from Me." Pardes is a meeting place of spectacular souls.”. The name "Aleph" hints at its etymological variants "Aluph" ("Chief/Ruler", representing the one God) and "Eleph" ("One Thousand", representing 1,000 years). [citation needed]. United with the Infinite Divine, the text of the Torah becomes one long Name of God, or alternatively, God's revealed Being as represented in this World. Kabbalah remains transcendent, while Hasidic thought emphasises action, as the Atzmut essence of God receives its only true revelation in the ultimate Material purpose to Creation, the Omnipresent Divinity related to in Hasidic thought. From kabbalistic “front-line workers” to surprisingly sophisticated social distancing measures, ancient Jewish communities documented the steps they took to cope with pandemics over the centuries — and incredibly, many of the questions they had aren’t Continue Reading », “There is something magical about studying and living in Jerusalem. Founder and Executive Director of Bible Raps. The first level of understanding is Pashat (simple).
According to this understanding, Derash is divided into the homiletics, which are classified under Remez, and legal interpretations, which are classified under Din. A Rosh Hashana Message from Rabbi Leon Morris, President, eJP – Kids’ Mental Health Can’t be an Afterthought – Especially Not Now, Times of Israel – How Rabbis of Yore Fought Plague with Temple Rite, Social Distancing. [14] Edom, the progeny of Esau, corresponds to unrectified Gevurah-Strength, the waste of which vitalises the kelipot shells. According to this, Creation was enacted through the letters of the Hebrew language, particularly Divine Names. [2] The Peshat means the plain or contextual meaning of the text. [7], Rabbi Simlai deduced that the Torah's commandments are 613 in number. The next 2000 years "of revelation" include Israelite Patriarchs, the Giving of the Torah at Sinai, and the two Temples in Jerusalem. In the following exchange, the Talmud differentiates between explicit and hinted sources for the laws of conspiring witnesses (edim zomemim): Rashi comments that the Hebrew word Bereishit ("In the beginning") can be homiletically understood to mean "Due to the first", where "first" (reishit) is a word used elsewhere to refer to the Torah and to the Jewish people. Torah descends from on High, while man ascends the levels of PaRDeS exegesis in Torah from Below. “orchard”); the metaphorical term used to refer to the four levels of Torah interpretation: pshat (the literal meaning of the text), remez (its allusions), derush (the homilies that can be derived from it), and sod (its mystical secrets) [20] Habad is the intellectualist school in Hasidic Judaism, translating the mystical faith of General-Hasidism and the movement's founder into intellectual articulation. Can we still use the water fountains? Remez is the allegorical meaning. The Pardes Institute of Jewish Studies (www.pardes.org.il) is an open, inclusive, diverse and intellectually challenging Jewish learning community based in Jerusalem with programs worldwide.Pardes cultivates a life-long love of Jewish learning, the Jewish people and Israel. Long live the King! Their esoteric meanings did not deny the truth of exotericism, but rather reinforced the need for exoteric Halacha Jewish law and practical observance of the 613 Mitzvot as God's plan in Creation. [citation needed]. If you want to know where the things we are learning about happened, you just look out the window.”, Gil Bar-Shoshan, Berlin, Germany Best spent year of my life.”, Matt Bar, Philadelphia, PA The Pardes typology has some similarities to the contemporary Christian fourfold allegorical scheme. 23). [13], Kabbalah does not read Scripture as analogy, but as theosophical symbols of dynamic processes in the Supernal Divinity. In a discourse Menachem Mendel Schneerson, the Lubavitch Rebbe, asks where Hasidic thought fits in with Pardes exegesis. In this way, the discourse describes Kabbalah, which gains psychological understanding through Hasidism, being actually a limited esoteric commentary on Hasidism's Yehida-Essence. Genesis 1:1 is often translated as "In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth." Kindness and Judgement are polar forces and Beauty harmonises. The details are dizzying. Note how clearly it has been stated that Adam and Eve were two in some respects, and yet they remained one, according to the words, "Bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh" (Gen. ii. The first 2000 "hidden" years began at Creation and lasted until Abraham. How will our kids Continue Reading », In this week’s Times of Israel podcast, we speak with Dr. Pardes Center for Judaism and Conflict Resolution, Pardes Center for Jewish Educators (PCJE), Pardes Day School Educator Programs (PCJE), Professional Development Opportunities (PCJE), Pardes Experiential Educator Programs (PCJE), Pardes Center for Judaism & Conflict Resolution (PCJCR), Pardes Community Education Program - Fall 2020-21, 10-Part Series with Rav Rahel Berkovits: "Bringing the Inside Out — The Story of Hanukah as Told by Tractate Shabbat". Modern Orthodox Judaism is open to historical critical study of Rabbinic literature and some application to the later Biblical canon. As essence, Hasidic thought, investigated intellectually in Habad, both transcends all four levels of Pardes in its own exegetical explanation, and permeates within the four. The Israelites relate to the lower Realm of Tikun-Rectification.
The verse contains seven (Hebrew) words, and each of the words except Hashamayim("Heavens") contains the letter Aleph (the first letter of the Hebrew alphabet, with a gematria value of 1). Can it Change? Death is the lights-souls reascending and the vessel fragments falling, animated by remnant sparks of light. Kabbalists endeavoured to perceive the unlimited Divinity in the Torah of the Tree of life, through the exoteric Torah of the Tree of Knowledge, the two representing transcendent and immanent revelations of God in the Sephirot, uniting Tiferet ("The Holy One Blessed Be He") and Malkuth (Feminine Shekhinah). Torah, like any wisdom, has departments. For it is stated explicitly "You do to them what they conspired to do to the accused."! Genesis 1:1 is said to hint to this idea. [21], Beginning with Samuel David Luzzatto in the nineteenth century, there has been an approach to understanding the Torah that finds statements in classical Jewish commentaries on the Bible that would allow acceptance of revelation, and still use Lower Criticism. From the teachings of Rabbi Yitzchak Luria; translated and edited by Moshe Yaakov Wisnefsky, Part 2 of 2: Four Talmudic sages ascended to rectify the spiritual worlds, By Rabbi Yitzchak Luria (from the Writings of the Ari as recorded by Rabbi Chaim Vital), Part 1 in a series on the truth behind Talmudic tales. Modern Jewish denominations differ over the validity of applying modern historical-critical exegetical methods to Scripture. Hebrew word roots generally contain three consonant letters. It explores the views of the Rabbis in the Talmud, Midrash and among the philosophical and mystical traditions, about the nature of Torah, the revelation of God to mankind, prophecy, and the ways that Jews have used scriptural exegesis to expand and understand these core Jewish texts in a living, fluid spiritual exegesis.[23]. [5], Both mystical and rational religious Judaism, however, together rooted in mainstream Rabbinic literature and Mitzvot observance, accepted common truth in Peshat, Remez, and Drush levels of Judaism.


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