Kharecha, P.A., C.F. It is also notable that the Clean Air Act is one of the most life-saving pieces of legislation ever adopted by any country in history, along with the Fair Labor Standards Act (1938) which established the 40 hour week, and Medicare in 1965. Tiananmen Square Source: NREL, Simon Tsuo, EY & Citi On The Importance Of Resilience And Innovation, Impact 50: Investors Seeking Profit — And Pushing For Change, Deep Geologic Nuclear Waste Disposal - No New Taxes. Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO2 Emissions. The larger columns in panels (b) and (c) reflect the all-coal case and are labeled with their mean values, while the smaller columns reflect the all-gas case; values for the latter are not shown because they are all simply a factor of about 10 lower (reflecting the order-of-magnitude difference between the mortality factors for coal and gas). You may opt-out by. Figure 2. 3). 6). Using historical electricity production data and mortality and emission factors from the peer-reviewed scientific literature, we found that despite the three major nuclear accidents the world has experienced, nuclear power prevented an average of over 1.8 million net deaths worldwide between 1971-2009 (see Fig. We assume that the projected nuclear energy is canceled and replaced entirely by energy from either coal or natural gas. Our findings also have important implications for large-scale "fuel switching" to natural gas from coal or from nuclear. Hydro is dominated by a few rare large dam failures like Banqiao in China in 1976 which killed about 171,000 people. Electricity generation and health. Bureau of Mines Bulletin 509, Injury Experience in Coal Mining, 1948; Bureau of Mines Bulletin 616, Historical Documentation of Major Coal-Mine Disasters in the United States Not Classified as Explosions of Gas or Dust: 1846-1962; Bureau of Mines Bulletin 586; Historical Summary of Coal-Mine Explosions in the United States, 1810-1958 ; Bureau of Mines I.C. The paper demonstrates that without nuclear power, it will be even harder to mitigate human-caused climate change and air pollution. GEA, 2012: The largest uncertainties and limitations of our analysis stem from the assumed values for impacts per unit electric energy produced. 15 deaths per TWh. The table below lists the mortality rate of each energy source as deaths per trillion kWhrs produced. The ILO estimates that some 2.3 million women and men around the world succumb to work-related accidents or diseases every year; this corresponds to over 6000 deaths every single day. Environ. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria. WHO, Health effects of chronic exposure to smoke from Biomass Fuel burning in rural areas, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (2007) cnci.academia.edu/1123846/, *NY – 8 bkWhrs from coal, 18 bkWhrs from gas, 2 bkWhrs from oil, *Beijing – 7 bkWhrs from coal, 8 bkWhrs from oil, gas and hydro. Hansen, 2013: An average of 76,000 deaths per year were avoided annually between 2000-2009 (see Fig. Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own. Despite this, it is by no means a complete list. Second, electricity infrastructure generally has a long lifetime (e.g., fossil fuel power plants typically operate for up to ~50 years). The World Health Organization and other sources attribute about 1 million deaths/year to coal air pollution. Environ. Error bars reflect the ranges for the fossil fuel mortality factors listed in Table 1 of our paper. Council, Wash., D.C. ISBN: 0-309-14641-0 (2010). In fact, the WHO has called biomass burning in developing countries a major global health issue (WHO int). A hundred-acre wetlands to be flooded by a new dam is worth more to the planet than a barren hundred-acre strip under a solar array in the Mojave (P. Bickel and R. Friedrich, 2005). Figure 1. Wind and nuclear have the smallest carbon footprint with only 15 g emitted per kWhr, and that mainly from concrete production, construction, and mining of steel and uranium. Coal generates about 6200 TWh out of the world total of 15500 TWh of electricity. Energy, Electricity and Nuclear Power Estimates for the Period up to 2050: 2011 Edition. This amounts to at least hundreds and more likely thousands of times more deaths than it caused. 7. This emissions range corresponds to 16-48% of the "allowable" cumulative CO2 emissions between 2012-2050 if the world chooses to aim for a target atmospheric CO2 concentration of 350 ppm by around the end of this century (ref. Third, potentially usable natural gas resources (especially unconventional ones like shale gas) are enormous, containing many hundreds to thousands of gigatonnes of carbon (based on ref. IAEA Reference Data Series 1/31. A. J. Cohen et al., The global burden of disease due to outdoor air pollution, Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 68: 1301-1307 (2005). Such efforts can be accomplished largely with currently available low-carbon and carbon-free alternative energy sources like nuclear power and renewables, as well as energy efficiency improvements.

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