[16], On Bimini, sustained winds of 140 mph (230 km/h) were observed, causing major damage to buildings. Older sources usually list 3,411 as the hurricane's total count of fatalities, including the Caribbean. Robert Hazard, a resident of West Palm Beach, established the Storm of '28 Memorial Park Coalition Inc. to fight for recognition of the black victims of the storm. [16] Then-Governor of Florida John W. Martin estimated that 35,000 families were left homeless in Palm Beach County alone. This page was last modified on 19 November 2015, at 17:54. Waves of debris carried everything before them. [20] Northward, from Pompano Beach to Jupiter, buildings suffered serious damage from the heavy winds and 10 ft (3 m) storm surge. Ninety-five houses and some other buildings, including a few churches and government buildings, were damaged or destroyed on Eleuthera. In Boca Raton, two garages and several houses were destroyed. A few buildings constructed by Henry Flagler, such as The Breakers, the Royal Poinciana Hotel, and Whitehall, were damaged. [5] A ship near the southern coast reported a pressure of 931 mbar (27.5 inHg), and the cup anemometer at San Juan reported sustained winds of 160 mph (268 km/h) before failing. The police reported three deaths within the city. The pressure at Canal Point dropped to 942 mbar (27.82 inHg). [13] Property damage on the island from winds and rain was catastrophic. The islands of Martinique, Montserrat, and Nevis also reported damage and fatalities, but not nearly as severe as in Guadeloupe. Finally, the town was flooded severely during the storm and was subsequently abandoned. A 10-year-old girl drowned after falling into an open trench filled with water. Migrant workers were not included in census records and there was a general callousness toward their welfare. Floodwaters entered the building, forcing the occupants into the rafters. After the generator failed to work, they hand-cranked the light's mantle. More than 3,000 people had been injured and 800,000 remained homeless due to the devastating effects of the hurricane. [1] On September 10, the S.S. Commack first observed the storm about 900 miles (1450 km) to the east of Guadeloupe, which at the time was the most easterly report of a tropical cyclone ever received through ship's radio. Many trees were uprooted and several buildings were impacted, including the hospital and a number of businesses. The storm was first observed nine hundred miles to the east of Guadeloupe on September 10, by a ship, the most easterly report of a tropical cyclone ever received via ship radio. [46], In contrast, the bodies of blacks victims were burned in funeral pyres or thrown into mass burial sites such as the ones in West Palm Beach and Port Mayaca. Read more about the Portal in, Themes reflect the research of the Rachel Carson Center, its fellows, and partners, Three discovery tools deliver spatially, temporally, or thematically related results, Get involved or contact us with questions, comments and feedback, RCC [2] Nevis also reported three deaths due to the storm. In 2000, the West Palm Beach burial site was reacquired by the city of West Palm Beach and plans for construction of a memorial began. In those regions where precipitation is more common place, as in Adjuntas in the Cordillera Central and in the Sierra de Luquillo, the rain was over 25 inches (640 mm), with 29.60 inches (752 mm) recorded in Adjuntas. Lake Okeechobee Hurricane – September 16, 1928 Leave a Comment / Natural / By devastating This deadly hurricane with its 150 mph winds and wall of water caused the deaths of 2,500 in Florida and overall a death toll of 4,075. Weather Bureau was optimistic that the storm would spare the south Florida region. In the event of a powerful hurricane, to take pressure off the dike, water can be pumped in large volume out of the lake through two wide canals into the sea. According to some estimates of the day, excluding personal losses, the damages reached $85.312 million and over 500,000 people were left homeless. [38] In Orlando, impact to properties was described as slight. A number of three-story business buildings collapsed during the storm. Minor damage was reported on Rum Cay. Yet it was only in 1960 that hurricanes stopped being officially named after saints. The storm continued through the Bahamas as a strong Category 4 hurricane, passing near Nassau at 10:00 UTC on September 16. tools, Keyword At 08:00 UTC on September 18, the storm once again reached open waters. Related A sloop traversing from Ambergris Caye to Grand Turk was lost, killing all 18 people on board. The hurricane San Felipe Segundo, named after the saint’s day on which it did so much damage to Puerto Rico, but better known as the Okeechobee Hurricane, was the first recorded hurricane to reach category 5 status. Between Sebring and Lake Wales, 200 telephone poles were toppled. Heavy rainfall also led to extreme damage to vegetation and agriculture. [13], The rainfall recorded on September 13–14, 1928, remains the record for the maximum rainfall associated with a hurricane in Puerto Rico within a period of forty-eight hours. [21], In Lake Worth, approximately 50% of homes were damaged or destroyed, while 75% of buildings in the business district suffered damage. No one seemed to care about the number of blacks who might have died. [24] When the worst of the storm crossed the lake, the south-blowing wind caused a storm surge to overflow the small dike that had been built at the south end of the lake. [16], Inland, the hurricane wreaked much more widespread destruction along the more heavily populated coast of Lake Okeechobee. Contributed by Kimberly Kuxhause A short distance to the north, a warehouse was flattened. Bodies in that hot climate had to be buried quickly but that was not easy in a place where the water table was so close to the surface. [16], As the rear eyewall passed over the area, the flood reversed itself, breaking the dikes along the northern coast of the lake and causing similar but smaller flooding. By September 16, Lake Okeechobee already had a high level of water due to heavy rains over the previous week. [1] Heavy rainfall occurred from eastern Florida through coastal Georgia, the Carolinas, and southeast Virginia. The town's post office, depot, and an entire business block were also destroyed. [49] After a personal inspection of the area by President Herbert Hoover, the Corps drafted a new plan which provided for the construction of floodway channels, control gates, and major levees along Lake Okeechobee's shores. [17], In addition to the human fatalities, 1,278 livestock and 47,389 poultry were killed, respectively. While crossing the island and emerging into the Atlantic, the storm weakened slightly, falling to Category 4 intensity. Atlantic City, New Jersey recorded winds of 76 mph (122 km/h) despite being far from the center. [49] One of the solutions was the construction of the Herbert Hoover Dike. [16] Ninety-nine people died in that town. However, lack of observations for several days prevented the system from being classified in real time as it moved generally westward across the Atlantic Ocean. [11], Montserrat, just north of the storm's center, was warned in advance of the storm but still suffered £150,000 (1928 UKP) in damages and 42 deaths; Plymouth and Salem were devastated and crop losses caused near-starvation conditions before relief could arrive. Elsewhere in the county, impact was severest around Lake Okeechobee. Others that survived were swept far away from where the building once stood or the barge. This was based on a pressure reading of 929 mbar (27.4 inHg) in the city,[1] which at the time was the lowest pressure reading in the United States; this broke the previous record of 935 mbar (27.6 inHg) set during the 1926 Miami hurricane. [24] The lighthouse keeper, Captain Seabrook, and his son, Franklin, worked to keep the light on during the storm after the electricity went out. [15], Communications were impacted by fallen trees, landslides, and damaged bridges. Previously the same instrument had measured 160 miles (260 km) per hour for one minute. No doubt use of this figure by the NWS dates to Mitchell (1928), who quoted a Red Cross official casualty estimate dated October 28, 1928. Buildings with well-constructed frames, and those made of steel, concrete, brick, or stone were largely immune to winds, and the use of shutters prevented damage to windows and the interior of the buildings.

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