[74] Particulates are now largely measured by a network of 300 sensors maintained by volunteers since 2017. The Museum of Socialist Art includes many sculptures and posters that educate visitors about the lifestyle in communist Bulgaria.

On average, Sofia receives a total snowfall of 96 cm (37.8 in) and 58 days with snow cover.

The considerable immigration to the capital from poorer regions of the country, as well as urbanisation, are among the other reasons for the increase in Sofia's population. Much of Bulgaria's educational capacity is concentrated in Sofia. Bulgaria's pleasingly laid-back capital is often overlooked by visitors heading to the coast or the ski resorts, but they're missing something special.

The President, along with the Council of Ministers, is located on Independence Square, also known as The Largo or The Triangle of Power. The city is home to a number of large sports venues, including the 43,000-seat Vasil Levski National Stadium which hosts international football matches, as well as Balgarska Armia Stadium, Georgi Asparuhov Stadium and Lokomotiv Stadium, the main venues for outdoor musical concerts. The Slavic name Sredets (Срѣдецъ), which is related to "middle" (среда, "sreda") and to the city's earliest name, first appeared on paper in an 11th-century text. Euro in a New Production Unit in Sofia/", "Melexis to Invest €75M to Expand Its Operations in Bulgaria", "Lufthansa Technik Sofia invests 30 mln euro to expand its facilities", Sofia infrastructure from the official website of the Municipality, "History of the tramway network in Sofia", "History of the trolleybus network in Sofia", "Public transport Sofia — official website", "Transport Company Bulgaria— official website", "Българска национална телевизия – Новини (Bulgarian National Television – News)", "National Federation of the Taxi Drivers in Bulgaria.
From 1530 to 1826, Sofia was the regional capital of Rumelia Eyalet, the Ottoman Empire's key province in Europe.

These include Tsarigradsko shose, Cherni Vrah, Bulgaria, Slivnitsa and Todor Aleksandrov boulevards, as well as the city's ring road, where long chains of cars are formed at peak hours and traffic jams occur regularly. In Sofia there are 607,473 dwellings and 101,696 buildings.

Sofia's development as a significant settlement owes much to its central position in the Balkans. [45][46] The snowiest recorded winter was 1995/1996 with a total snowfall of 171 cm (67.3 in).

The venue was inaugurated on 30 July 2011, and the first event it hosted was a friendly volleyball match between Bulgaria and Serbia.
It holds a collection of Eastern Orthodox icons from the 9th to the 19th century. [146] The collections encompass diverse cultural items, from Ashanti Empire sculptures and Buddhist art to Dutch Golden Age painting, works by Albrecht Dürer, Jean-Baptiste Greuze and Auguste Rodin. During the Second World War, Bulgaria declared war on the US and UK on 13 December 1941 and in late 1943 and early 1944 the US and UK Air forces conducted bombings over Sofia.

In the coldest days temperatures can drop below −15 °C (5 °F), most notably in January.

The earliest works where this latest name is registered are the duplicate of the Gospel of Serdica, in a dialogue between two salesmen from Dubrovnik around 1359, in the 14th-century Vitosha Charter of Bulgarian tsar Ivan Shishman and in a Ragusan merchant's notes of 1376. Its Institute of Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy will operate the largest cyclotron in the country. [177] Supported by the city's R&D expertise, Sofia is shifting to high value-added manufacturing including electrical equipment, precision mechanics, pharmaceuticals.


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